## 6.5 Prescriptive Measures

### 6.5.1 Outdoor Lighting Power Compliance

An outdoor lighting installation complies with the Energy Standards if the actual outdoor lighting power is no greater than the allowed outdoor lighting power. This section describes the procedures and methods for complying with §140.7.

The area of the lighting application must be defined exclusive of any areas on the site that are not illuminated.

The allowed lighting power is determined by measuring the area or length of the lighting application and multiplying this area (in W/ sq. ft.) or length (in W/sq. ft. by the Lighting Power Allowance (in W) to arrive the allowed lighting power. The allowed lighting power must be calculated for the general hardscape lighting of the site and for specific applications if desired. (See §140.7(d))

The allowed outdoor lighting power is calculated by lighting zone as defined in §10-114. Local governments may amend lighting zones in compliance with §10-114. See Section 6.4.1 for more information about amending outdoor ordinances by local jurisdictions.

The actual power of outdoor lighting is the total watts of all of the non-exempt lighting systems (including ballast, driver or transformer loss) (See §140.7(c)).

A. Maximum Outdoor Lighting Power

The Energy Standards establish maximum outdoor lighting power that can be installed. The allowed outdoor lighting power must be determined according to the outdoor lighting zone in which the site is located. See Section 6.4.1 for more information about outdoor lighting zones.

The wattage of outdoor luminaires must be determined in accordance with §130.0(c) or Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA8. See Section 5.3 for more information about determining luminaire wattage.

The total allowed lighting power is the combined total of all of the allowed lighting power layers. There are lighting power allowances for general hardscape lighting and lighting power allowances for specific applications. An outdoor lighting installation complies with the lighting power requirements if the actual outdoor lighting power installed is no greater than the allowed outdoor lighting power calculated under §140.7(d) and complies with certain stipulations associated with specific special application allowances. The allowed lighting power shall be the combined total of the sum of the general hardscape lighting allowance determined in accordance with §140.7(d)1, and the sum of the additional lighting power allowance for specific applications determined in accordance with §140.7(d)2.

See Section 6.4.3 for a detailed explanation in determining the total allowed lighting power.

B. Illuminated Area

With indoor lighting applications, the entire floor area is considered to be illuminated for the purpose of determining the allowed lighting power. However, for outdoor lighting applications, the number of luminaires, mounting heights and layout affect the presumed illuminated area and therefore the allowed lighting power.

The area of the lighting application may not include any areas on the site that are not illuminated. The area beyond the last luminaire is considered illuminated only if it is located within 5 mounting heights of the nearest luminaire.

In plan view of the site, the illuminated area is defined as any hardscape area within a square pattern around each luminaire or pole that is 10 times the luminaire mounting height, with the luminaire in the middle of the pattern. Another way to envision this is to consider an illuminated area from a single luminaire as the area that is 5 times the mounting height in four directions.

Illuminated areas shall not include any area that is obstructed by any other structure, including a sign, within a building, or areas beyond property lines.

The primary purpose for validating the illuminated area is to exclude any areas that are not illuminated. Areas that are illuminated by more than one luminaire shall not be double counted. An area is either illuminated or it is not illuminated.

When luminaires are located further apart (more than 10 times their mounting height apart), then the illuminated area stops at 5 times the mounting height of each luminaire.

Planters and small landscape areas are included within the general hardscape area as long as the short dimension of the inclusion is less than 10 ft. wide, and the inclusion is bordered on at least three sides.

Landscape areas that are greater than 10 ft. wide in the short dimension are excluded from the general hardscape area calculation, but the perimeter of these exclusions may be included in the linear wattage allowance (LWA) calculation.

### 6.5.2 General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance

The allowed lighting power shall be the combined total of the sum of the general hardscape lighting allowance determined in accordance with §140.7(d)1, and the sum of the additional lighting power allowance for specific applications determined in accordance with §140.7(d)2.

A. Calculation of Allowed Lighting Power - General Hardscape Lighting Allowance

Hardscape is defined in §100.1 as an improvement to a site that is paved and has other structural features, including but not limited to, curbs, plazas, entries, parking lots, site roadways, driveways, walkways, sidewalks, bikeways, water features and pools, storage or service yards, loading docks, amphitheaters, outdoor sales lots, and private monuments and statuary.

General Hardscape lighting allowance = (Hardscape Area x AWA) + (Perimeter Length of Hardscape Area x LWA) + IWA

Determine the general hardscape lighting power allowances as follows:

1. The general hardscape area of a site shall include parking lot(s), roadway(s), driveway(s), sidewalk(s), walkway(s), bikeway(s), plaza(s), bridge(s), tunnel(s), and other improved area(s) that are illuminated. In plan view of the site, determine the illuminated hardscape area, which is defined as any hardscape area that is within a square pattern around each luminaire or pole that is ten times the luminaire mounting height with the luminaire in the middle of the pattern, less any areas that are within a building, beyond the hardscape area, beyond property lines, or obstructed by a structure. The illuminated hardscape area shall include portions of planters and landscaped areas that are within the lighting application and are less than or equal to 10 feet wide in the short dimensions and are enclosed by hardscape or other improvement on at least three sides. Multiply the illuminated hardscape area by the Area Wattage Allowance (AWA) from Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A) for the appropriate lighting zone.

2. Determine the perimeter length of the general hardscape area. The total hardscape perimeter is the length of the actual perimeter of the illuminated hardscape on the property. It shall not include portions of hardscape that are not illuminated according to §140.7(d)1A. Multiply the hardscape perimeter by the Linear Wattage Allowance (LWA) for hardscape from Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A) for the appropriate lighting zone. Generally, if there is an enclosed exclusion in the area AWA calculation, the perimeter may be included in the LWA calculation.

The perimeter length for hardscape around landscaped areas and permanent planters shall be determined as follows:

a. Landscaped areas completely enclosed within the hardscape area, and with a width or length a minimum of 10 feet wide, shall have the perimeter of the landscaped areas or permanent planter added to the hardscape perimeter length.

b. Landscaped areas completely enclosed within the hardscape area, and with a width or length less than 10 feet wide, shall not be added to the hardscape perimeter length.

c. Landscaped edges that are not abutting the hardscape shall not be added to the hardscape perimeter length.

3. Determine the Initial Wattage Allowance (IWA). The IWA is allowed to be used one time per site. The purpose is to provide additional watts for small sites, or for odd hardscape geometries. Add the IWA for general hardscape lighting from Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A) for the appropriate lighting zone.

The general hardscape lighting allowance shall be the sum of the allowed watts determined from (1), (2) and (3) above.

(Refer to Figure 6-1 for a concept layout of the general hardscape lighting allowance for area, and perimeter, as well as initial wattage allowance.)

#### Table 6-3: General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance

Type of Power Allowance | Lighting Zone 03 | Lighting Zone 13 | Lighting Zone 23 | Lighting Zone 33 | Lighting Zone 43 |
Asphalt/Concrete | Asphalt/Concrete | Asphalt. | Concrete2 | Asphalt | Concrete2 | Asphalt/Concrete |
Area Wattage Allowance (AWA) | No allowance1 | 0.018 W/sq. ft. | 0.023 W/sq. ft. | 0.025 W/sq. ft. | 0.025 W/sq. ft. | 0.03 W/sq. ft. | 0.03 W/sq. ft |
Linear Wattage Allowance (LWA) | 0.15 W/lf | 0.17 W/lf | 0.4 W/lf | 0.25 W/lf | 0.4 W/lf | 0.35 W/lf |
Initial Wattage Allowance (IWA) | 180 W | 250 W | 250 W | 350 W | 350 W | 400 W |
1 Continuous lighting is explicitly prohibited in Lighting Zone 0. A single luminaire of 15 Watts or less may be installed at an entrance to a parking area, trail head, fee payment kiosk, outhouse, or toilet facility, as required to provide safe navigation of the site infrastructure. Luminaires installed shall meet the maximum zonal lumen limits as specified in 130.2(b). 2 Where greater than 50% of the paved surface of parking lot is finished with concrete. This does not extend beyond the parking lot, and does not include any other General Hardscape area. 3 Narrow band spectrum light sources with a dominant peak wavelength greater than 580 nm – as mandated by local, state, or federal agencies to minimize the impact, active professional astronomy or nocturnal habitat of special local fauna, shall be allowed a 2.0 lighting power allowance multiplier.

Table 140.7-A from the Energy Standards

The allowed lighting power for general hardscape lighting is calculated using the following components:

1. Area Wattage Allowance (AWA), which is the area of the illuminated hardscape, and is expressed in watts per sq. ft.

2. Linear Wattage Allowance (LWA), which is the length of the perimeter of the illuminated hardscape, and is expressed in watts per linear foot.

3. Initial Wattage Allowance (IWA), which is a flat allowance for each property, and is expressed in watts.

To determine the total allowed power for general hardscape lighting, use the equation: (Hardscape area x AWA) + (Hardscape perimeter x LWA) + (IWA).

Example 6-13 Outdoor Lighting for Healthcare Facilities

Question

Is the parking lot outside of a healthcare facility (“I” occupancy) regulated by the Energy Standards?

Answer

Healthcare facilities overseen by the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) have to comply with California Energy Standards including the outdoor lighting requirements for all outdoor areas of healthcare facilities. For outdoor lighting, a licensed healthcare facility has to meet the outdoor lighting power requirements as specified in Section 140.7, as well as the outdoor lighting control requirements in Section 130.2.

Example 6-14 Hardscape Materials for Parking Lots

Question

Our overflow parking lot is covered with gravel. Is this parking lot considered “hardscape,” and must it comply with the Energy Standards?

Answer

Yes, parking lots covered with gravel, or any other material used to enhance the surface to accommodate parking or travel, such as pavers, asphalt, cement, or other pervious or non-pervious materials are considered hardscape and must comply with the requirements for hardscape areas.

Example 6-15 Power Allowance for a Parking Lot

Question

In a parking lot in front of a retail store, we are not using the full lighting power allowed according to Table 140.7-A. Can we use the remaining allowance to illuminate the building entrance and the walkways near the store to a higher level?

Answer

Yes. Because hardscape power densities are tradable, you may use the unused portion of the power allowance in the parking lot to increase the illumination levels for other lighting applications, including building entrance and walkway areas.

Example 6-16 Calculating the Illuminated Area of a Parking Lot

Question

A parking lot is only illuminated from a series of 5 cut-off wall packs mounted on an adjacent building. The parking lot extends 100 ft. from the building. The luminaires are mounted at a height of 15 ft. above the ground and spaced 50 ft. apart. How large is the illuminated area?

Answer

The illuminated area extends a distance equal to 5 times the mounting height in three directions (the fourth direction is not counted because it is covered by the building). The illuminated area therefore extends from the building a distance of 75 ft. The total illuminated area is 75 ft. x 350 ft. or 26,250 sq. ft.

Example 6-17 Calculating the Illuminated Area

Question 1

If a pole has a height of 15 ft., what are the dimensions of the square pattern used for power calculations?

Answer 1

The illuminated area is defined as any area within a square pattern around each luminaire or pole that is 10 times the luminaire mounting height, with the luminaire in the middle of the pattern. It does not include any area that is within a building, under a canopy, beyond property lines, or obstructed by a sign or structure. Therefore, for a 15 ft. pole, the area will be described by a square that is 150 ft. (15 ft. x 10) on each side, or 22,500 sq. ft. (150 ft. x 150 ft.), minus areas that are beyond the property line or other obstructions.

Question 2

If two poles in the center of an illuminated area are separated by a distance greater than 10 times the mounting height, will all of the square footage between them be included in the area?

Answer 2

In most applications, such as parking lots, these square patterns will typically overlap, so the entire area of the parking lot between poles will typically be included when determining the lighting power budget. However, if the poles are so far apart that they exceed 10 times the mounting height of the luminaires on the poles, and the coverage squares do not overlap, then the non-illuminated areas between poles cannot be included in determining illuminated hardscape area.

Example 6-18 Calculating the Power Allowance for a Parking Lot

Question

The parking lot with concrete surface as illustrated below has two luminaires that are mounted at a height of 25 ft. What is the illuminated hardscape area and what is the allowed lighting? The lot is located in Lighting Zone 3.

Poles are 40 ft. apart

Answer

The poles are 40 ft. apart, and using the 10 times mounting height rule, the illuminated area can be as large as 250 ft. by 290 ft. The boundary of this maximum illuminated area extends beyond the edges of the parking lot as well as the entrance driveway, so the entire paved area is considered illuminated. The landscaped island in middle and peninsula below the entrance driveway are less than 10 ft. wide, so they are included as part of the illuminated area, but not part of the hardscape perimeter. The landscaped cutouts (20 x 20 ft.) in the corners of the parking lot are bound by pavement on only two sides so they are not included. The total paved area is 11,196 sq. ft.. [(12,636 sq. ft. + 160 sq. ft. (driveway) – 1,600 sq. ft (cutouts)]. The perimeter of the hardscape is 470 ft. [(2 x 77 ft.) + (2 x 68 ft.) + (8 x 20 ft.) + (2 X10 ft.)].

Three allowances make up the total power allowance: Area, Linear, and Initial. All allowances are based on a concrete surface of Lighting Zone 3 and found in Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A of the Energy Standards).

The area wattage allowance is equal to 335.9 W.

The linear wattage allowance is equal to 188 W.

The initial wattage allowance (IWA) is 350 W for the entire site.

The sum of these three allowances gives a total wattage allowance for the site of 873.9 W.

The calculation can also be tabulated as below.

Type of Allowance | Allowance | Area/Perimeter Value | Power Allowance
Initial | 350 W | - | 350 W
Area | 0.03 W/sq. ft. | 11,196 sq. ft. | 336 W
Perimeter | 0.4 W/LF | 470 ft. | 188 W
TOTAL POWER ALLOWANCE | 874 W

Example 6-19 Calculating the Illuminated Area of a Parking Lot

Question

In the parking lot layout shown above, what would the illuminated area be and what would the maximum allowed lighting power be if much smaller pedestrian style poles were used at 8 ft. high and placed 30 ft. apart?

Answer

If the mounting height is reduced to 8 ft., and the spacing to 30 ft. (and using the 10 times mounting height rule), the illuminated area can be a rectangle as large as 80 ft. by 110 ft. The hardscape area that intersects the maximum allowed illuminated area is now 8,524 sq. ft. [(80 ft. x (80 ft. + 30 ft.) - 2 x (6 ft. x 6 ft. cutouts) -2 x (6 ft. x 17 ft. cutouts)]. The new hardscape perimeter is 380 ft. [(2 x 88 ft.) + (2 x 68 ft.) + (4 x 6 ft.) + (2 x 6 ft.) + (2

x 16 ft.)].

Using the same allowances as in the previous example, the total wattage allowance for the site is 993.96 W (340.96 area W + 133 perimeter W + 520 initial W).

Type of Allowance | Allowance | Area/Perimeter Value | Power Allowance
Initial | 520W | - | 520 W
Area | 0.040 W/ sq. ft. | 8524 sq. ft. | 341 W
Perimeter | 0.35 W/LF | 380 ft. | 133 W
| TOTAL POWER ALLOWANCE | 994 W

Example 6-20 Calculating the Power Allowance for a Roadway

Question

A 300 ft. long, 15 ft. wide roadway leads through a wooded area to a hotel entrance in Lighting Zone 2, and the owner wants to light the roadway with luminaires mounted at a height of 20 ft. What is the allowed lighting power for this roadway with asphalt surface?

Answer

The hardscape area for the roadway must first be calculated. If the entire roadway will be lit, then the 20 ft. poles will not be spaced more than 200 ft. apart and not more than 100 ft. from the ends of the roadway. (Lighted area is 10 times the pole height.) The hardscape area therefore is 15 ft. x 300 ft. or 4500 sq. ft. The linear perimeter of this hardscape is the sum of the sides (not including the side that connects to the larger site) 300 ft. + 15 ft. + 300 ft. or 615 ft.

Three allowances make up the total power allowance: Area, Linear, and Initial. However, the initial wattage allowance applies one time to the entire site. It is not considered for usage for this roadway piece which would only be one small part of the site. All allowances are based on an asphalt surface in Lighting Zone 2 and can be found in Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A of the Energy Standards).

The area wattage allowance is equal to 103.5 W.

The linear wattage allowance is equal to 104.6 W.

The sum of these allowances gives a total wattage allowance for the roadway of 208.1 W.

The calculation can also be tabulated as below

.

B. Calculation of Allowed Lighting Power - Narrow Band Spectrum Light Source Applications

The 2019 Standards includes a lighting power provision for narrow band spectrum light source application to minimize the impact of electric light on local, active professional astronomy or nocturnal habitat of specific local fauna. The provision is in the format of lighting power multiplier as specified on the footnote of Table 140.7-A (footnote 3) which reads, “Footnote 3: Narrow band spectrum light sources with a dominant peak wavelength greater than 580 nm – as mandated by local, state, or federal agencies to minimize the impact on local, active professional astronomy or nocturnal habitat of specific local fauna, shall be allowed a 2.0 lighting power allowance multiplier.”

Example 6-21 Calculating the Illuminated Area of a Parking Lot

Question

The lighting system for an asphalt parking lot in Lighting Zone 2 is being designed next to an active, professional astronomical observatory. The parking lot is 800 sq. ft. with a perimeter of 280 linear feet. All lighting within 10 miles of the observatory is required by a local ordinance to use a narrow band spectrum light source with a wavelength above 580 nm to be compatible within the telescopes’ ability to filter out stray light while capturing most of the wavelengths of light from the night sky. Spectral power distributions of two amber light sources are shown in the two images in Figure 6-21a.

Figure 6-21a Spectral Distribution of Light Source Product A and B

Question 1: Which of these products meet criteria for “narrow band spectrum” light sources?

Question 2: What is the allowed lighting power for this parking lot with and without the use of a narrow band spectrum light source?

Answer

Answer 1: Narrow band spectrum light sources are those which have a spectral power distribution closely distributed around the wavelength of peak spectral power. There are no spectral power limitations on the wavelengths that are within 20 nm of the peak wavelength. As the spectrum diverges from the peak wavelength, the allowed relative spectral power declines rapidly.

Between 20 to 75nm from peak wavelength, the spectral power shall be no greater than 50% of the peak spectral power.

Beyond 75 nm the spectral power shall be no greater than 10% of the peak spectral power. This distribution is reflected in the narrow ban spectrum criteria line centered around the peak wavelength in Figure 6-21b. As shown in the figure, Product A is a narrow band spectrum light source as it fits within the spectral power criteria, whereas Product B does not comply as the spectral power exceeds the narrow band criteria.

Figure 6-21b Spectral Distribution with Narrow Band Criteria Superimposed

Answer 2: To claim the two times multiplier for narrow band spectrum light sources, as described in footnote 3 to Table 140.7-A, the project has to comply with all three of the following criteria:

1. The light source has to have a narrow band spectrum (true for product A).

2. The dominant peak wavelength has to be greater than 580 nm (true for product A with a peak wavelength of 600 nm).

3. The narrow band spectrum and dominant peak wavelength of the light source has to be greater than 580 nm as mandated by local, state, federal agencies, to minimize the impact on local, active professional

astronomy or on the nocturnal habitat of specific local fauna. (The credit is not available unless the ordinance specifically calls out a requirement for a narrow band spectrum.)

The allowed wattage without the narrow spectrum multiplier calculated as follows:

Allowed Wattage = (Area Wattage Allowance) x (Area, sq. ft.) + (Linear Wattage Allowance) x (Perimeter Length, linear ft.) + (Initial Wattage Allowance)

The asphalt parking lot is 800 sf with a perimeter of 280 linear feet and is in Lighting Zone 2. From Table 140.7-A in the asphalt column of Lighting Zone 2, the power allowance factors are:

Area Wattage Allowance = 0.023 W/sq. ft., Linear Wattage Allowance = 0.17 W/lf, and Initial Wattage Allowance = 250 Watts.

Allowed Wattage = (0.023 W/sq. ft) x (800 sq. ft.) + (0.17 W/lf) x (280 lf) + (250 W) = 316 Watts

If the design makes use of narrow band light sources and meets all three criteria of footnote 3 to Table 140.7-A, the allowed wattage is allowed a 2.0 lighting power allowance multiplier.

Narrow Band Allowed Wattage = Allowed Wattage x 2 = 316 Watts x 2 = 632 Watts.

Example 6-22 Low Blue Content Light Source Design

Question

A lighting system is being designed for a similar parking lot as in Example 6-21 except that it is next to a wildlife refuge and all outdoor lighting near the refuge is required by a local ordinance to use low blue content light sources to minimize the lighting impact on nocturnal animals.

If the designer specifies a narrow band spectrum light source (such as Product A in Example 6-21), can the designer make use of the narrow band spectrum lighting power allowance multiplier in determining the lighting power allowance?

Answer:

To claim the two-times multiplier for narrow band spectrum light sources, as described in footnote 3 to Table 140.7-A, the project must comply with all three of the following criteria:

1. The light source has to have a narrow band spectrum.

2. The dominant peak wavelength has to be greater than 580 nm.

3. The narrow band spectrum and dominant peak wavelength of the light source be greater than 580 nm, as mandated by local, state, federal agencies to minimize the impact on local, active professional astronomy or on the nocturnal habitat of specific local fauna (The credit is not available unless the ordinance specifically calls out a requirement for a narrow band spectrum.)

For this example, the narrow band spectrum credit is not available since the local ordinance called for low blue light content without specifying this had to be accomplished with narrow band spectrum light sources with a dominant peak wavelength greater than 580 nm. As a result, the two-times multiplier for narrow band spectrum light sources cannot be used in calculating the lighting power allowance for this project.

### 6.5.3 Additional Light Power Allowances and Requirements, by Application

The lighting power for Specific Applications provides additional lighting power that can be layered in addition to the General Hardscape lighting power allowances as applicable.

Most of a site will be classified as ‘General Hardscape’ and will be calculated using Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A of the Energy Standards) as the only source of allowance.

Some portions of the site may fit use categories that permit the inclusion of an additional lighting allowance for that portion of the site. These Specific Applications are detailed in Table 6-5 (Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards). Not all of these allowances are based on area.

The single exception to this is the allowance for Hardscape Ornamental Lighting, which is calculated independent of the rest of the Specific Applications, and no regard to the overlap of this Application is made. See Section E for more information about the Hardscape Ornamental Lighting allowance.

#### Table 6-4: Additional Lighting Power Allowance for Specific Applications

Lighting Application | Lighting Zone 0 | Lighting Zone 1 | Lighting Zone 2 | Lighting Zone 3 | Lighting Zone 4
| WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER APPLICATION. Use all that apply as appropriate.
Building Entrances or Exits. Allowance per door. Luminaires must be within 20 feet of the door. | Not applicable | 15 watts | 25 watts | 35 watts | 45 watts
Primary Entrances to Senior Care Facilities, Police Stations, Healthcare Facilities, Fire Stations, and Emergency Vehicle Facilities. Allowance per primary entrance(s) only. Primary entrances are entrances that provide access for the general public. This allowance is in addition to the building entrance or exit allowance above. Luminaires must be within 100 feet of the primary entrance. | Not applicable | 20 watts | 40 watts | 57 watts | 60 watts
Drive Up Windows. Allowance per customer service location. Luminaires must be within 2 mounting heights of the sill of the window. | Not applicable | 16 watts | 30 watts | 50 watts | 75 watts
Vehicle Service Station Uncovered Fuel Dispenser. Allowance per fueling dispenser. Luminaires must be within 2 mounting heights of the dispenser. | Not applicable | 55 watts | 77 watts | 81 watts | 135 watts
ATM Machine Lighting. Allowance per ATM machine. Luminaires must be within 50 feet of the dispenser. | Not applicable | 100 watts for first ATM machine, 35 watts for each additional ATM machine.
| WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER UNIT LENGTH (w/linear ft.). May be used for one or two frontage side(s) per site.
Outdoor Sales Frontage. Allowance for frontage immediately adjacent to the principal viewing location(s) and unobstructed for its viewing length. A corner sales lot may include two adjacent sides provided that a different principal viewing location exists for each side. Luminaires must be located between the principal viewing location and the frontage outdoor sales area. | Not applicable | No Allowance | 11 W/linear ft. | 19 W/linear ft. | 25 W/linear ft.
| WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER HARDSCAPE AREA (W/sq. ft.). May be used for any illuminated hardscape area on the site.
Hardscape Ornamental Lighting. Allowance for the total site illuminated hardscape area. Luminaires must be rated for 100 watts or less and be post-top luminaires, lanterns, pendant luminaires, or chandeliers. | Not applicable | No Allowance | 0.007 W/sq. ft. | 0.013 W/sq. ft. | 0.019 W/sq. ft.
| WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER SPECIFIC AREA (W/sq. ft.). May be used as appropriate provided that only one is used for a given area (i.e., provided that two allowances are not applied to the same area).
Building Facades. Only areas of building façade that are illuminated qualify for this allowance. Luminaires must be aimed at the façade and capable of illuminating it without obstruction or interference by permanent building features or other objects. | Not applicable | No Allowance | 0.100 W/sq. ft. | 0.170 W/sq. ft. | 0.225 W/sq. ft.
Outdoor Sales Lots. Allowance for uncovered sales lots used exclusively for the display of vehicles or other merchandise for sale. Driveways, parking lots or other non-sales areas are considered hardscape areas even if these areas are completely surrounded by sales lots on all sides. Luminaires must be within 5 mounting heights of the sales lot area. | Not applicable | 0.060 W/sq. ft. | 0.210 W/sq. ft. | 0.280 W/sq. ft. | 0.485 W/sq. ft.
Vehicle Service Station Hardscape. Allowance for the total illuminated hardscape area less area of buildings, under canopies, off property, or obstructed by signs or structures. Luminaires must be illuminating the hardscape area and must not be within a building, below a canopy, beyond property lines, or obstructed by a sign or other structure. | Not applicable | 0.006 W/sq. ft. | 0.068 W/sq. ft. | 0.138 W/sq. ft. | 0.200 W/sq. ft.
Vehicle Service Station Canopies. Allowance for the total area within the drip line of the canopy. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be located under the canopy. | Not applicable | 0.220 W/sq. ft. | 0.430 W/sq. ft. | 0.580 W/sq. ft. | 1.010 W/sq. ft.
Sales Canopies. Allowance for the total area within the drip line of the canopy. Luminaires must be located under the canopy. | Not applicable | No Allowance | 0.470 W/sq. ft. | 0.622 W/sq. ft. | 0.740 W/sq. ft.
Non-sales Canopies and Tunnels. Allowance for the total area within the drip line of the canopy or inside the tunnel. Luminaires must be located under the canopy or tunnel. | Not applicable | 0.057 W/sq. ft. | 0.137 W/sq. ft. | 0.270 W/sq. ft. | 0.370 W/sq. ft.
Guard Stations. Allowed up to 1,000 square feet per vehicle lane. Guard stations provide access to secure areas controlled by security personnel who stop and may inspect vehicles and vehicle occupants, including identification, documentations, vehicle license plates, and vehicle contents. Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2 mounting height of a vehicle lane or the guardhouse. | Not applicable | 0.081 W/sq. ft. | 0.176 W/sq. ft. | 0.325 W/sq. ft. | 0.425 W/sq. ft.
Student Pick-up/Drop-off zone. Allowance for the area of the student pick-up/drop-off, with or without canopy, for preschool through 12th grade school campuses. A student pick-up/drop off zone is a curbside, controlled traffic area on a school campus where students are picked-up and dropped off from vehicles. The allowed area shall be the smaller of the actual width or 25 feet, times the smaller of the actual length or 250 feet. Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2 mounting heights of the student pick-up/drop-off zone. | Not applicable | No Allowance | 0.056 W/sq. ft. | 0.200 W/sq. ft. | No Allowance
Outdoor Dining. Allowance for the total illuminated hardscape of outdoor dining. Outdoor dining areas are hardscape areas used to serve and consume food and beverages. Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2 mounting heights of the hardscape area of outdoor dining. | Not applicable | 0.004 W/sq. ft. | 0.030 W/sq. ft. | 0.050 W/sq. ft. | 0.075 W/sq. ft.
Special Security Lighting for Retail Parking and Pedestrian Hardscape. This additional allowance is for illuminated retail parking and pedestrian hardscape identified as having special security needs. This allowance shall be in addition to the building entrance or exit allowance. | Not applicable | 0.004 W/sq. ft. | 0.005 W/sq. ft. | 0.010 W/sq. ft. | No Allowance

Table 140.7-B from the Energy Standards

Assigned lighting applications must be consistent with the actual use of the area. Outdoor lighting definitions in §100.1 must be used to determine appropriate lighting applications.

Specific Applications that are based on specific instances on the site are the cumulative total of those instances on the site, with the allowance being accumulated per instance.

Specific Applications that are based on the length of an instance on the site are calculated by multiplying the total length of the instance by the allowance per linear foot for the Application.

A. General Hardscape Power Trade-Offs

Allowed lighting power determined according to §140.7(d)1 for general hardscape lighting may be traded to specific applications in §140.7(d)2, as long as the hardscape area from which the lighting power is traded continues to be illuminated in accordance with §140.7(d)1A.

B. Specific Allowances Power Trade-Offs Not Allowed

Allowed lighting power for specific applications shall not be traded between specific applications, or to hardscape lighting in §140.7(d)1. This means that for each and every specific application, the allowed lighting power is the smaller of the allowed power determined for that specific application according to Table 140.7-B, or the actual installed lighting power that is used in that specific application.

C. Wattage Allowance per Application

The applications in this category are provided with additional lighting power, in watts (W) per instance, as defined in Table 6-5 (Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards). Use all that apply as appropriate. Wattage allowances per application are available for the following areas:

• Building entrances or exits.

• Primary entrances of senior care facilities, police stations, healthcare facilities, fire stations, and emergency vehicle facilities.

• Drive-up windows. See Section 6.4.5F for additional information about drive-up windows

• Vehicle service station uncovered fuel dispenser. See Section 6.4.5C for additional information about vehicle service stations.

• ATM machine lighting

D. Wattage Allowance for Outdoor Sales Frontage Application

The wattage allowance per linear foot is available only for outdoor sales frontage immediately adjacent to the principal viewing location(s) and unobstructed for its viewing length. A corner sales lot may include two adjacent sides provided that a different principal viewing location exists for each side. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be located between the principal viewing location and the frontage outdoor. The outdoor sales frontage allowance is calculated by multiplying the total length of qualifying sales frontage by the outdoor sales frontage lighting allowance in Table 6-5 (Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards). See Section 6.4.5B for additional information about sales frontage.

E. Wattage Allowance per Hardscape Ornamental Lighting Application

The ornamental lighting allowance on the site is calculated by multiplying the total illuminated hardscape for the site by the hardscape ornamental lighting allowance in Table 6-5 (Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards), in watts per square foot (W/ft2). Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be rated for 100 W or less as determined in accordance with §130.0(c), and shall be post-top luminaires, lanterns, pendant luminaires, or chandeliers. This additional wattage allowance may be used for any illuminated hardscape area on the site. See Section 6.4.5E, Ornamental Lighting, for additional information about ornamental lighting.

F. Wattage Allowance per Specific Area

Applications in this category are provided with additional lighting power, in watts per square foot (W/ sq. ft. ), as defined in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards (Table 6-5). Wattage allowances per specific area are available for the following areas:

1. Building Facades

Only areas of building façade that are illuminated shall qualify for this allowance. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be aimed at the façade and shall be capable of illuminating it without obstruction or interference by permanent building features or other objects. See Section 6.4.5A for additional information about building facades.

2. Outdoor Sales Lots

Allowance for uncovered sales lots used exclusively for the display of vehicles or other merchandise for sale. Driveways, parking lots or other non-sales areas shall be considered hardscape areas, not outdoor sales lots, even if these areas are completely surrounded by sales lot on all sides. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be within 5 mounting heights of the sales lot area. See 6.4.5B for more information.

3. Vehicle Service Station Hardscape

Allowance for the total illuminated hardscape area less area of buildings, under canopies, off property, or obstructed by signs or structures. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be illuminating the hardscape area and shall not be within a building, below a canopy, beyond property lines, or obstructed by a sign or other structure.

4. Vehicle Service Station Canopies

Allowance for the total area within the drip line of the canopy. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be located under the canopy. See Section 6.4.5C for additional information about vehicle service stations.

5. Sales Canopies

Allowance for the total area within the drip line of the canopy. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be located under the canopy. See Section 6.4.5D for additional information about lighting under canopies.

6. Non-sales Canopies and Tunnels

Allowance for the total area within the drip line of the canopy or inside the tunnel. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be located under the canopy or tunnel. See Section 6.4.5D for additional information about lighting under canopies.

7. Guard Stations

Allowance up to 1,000 sq. ft. per vehicle lane. Guard stations provide access to secure areas controlled by security personnel who stop and may inspect vehicles and vehicle occupants, including identification, documentation, vehicle license plates, and vehicle contents. Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2 mounting heights of a vehicle lane or the guardhouse. See Section 6.4.5G for additional information about guarded facilities.

8. Student Pick-up/Drop-off zone

Allowance for the area of the student pickup/drop-off zone, with or without canopy, for preschool through 12th grade school campuses. A student pick-up/drop off zone is a curbside, controlled traffic area on a school campus where students are picked up and dropped off from vehicles. The allowed area shall be the smaller of the actual width or 25 ft., multiplied by the smaller of the actual length or 250 ft. Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2 mounting heights of the student pick-up/drop-off zone.

9. Outdoor Dining

Allowance for the total illuminated hardscape of outdoor dining. Outdoor dining areas are hardscape areas used to serve and consume food and beverages. Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2 mounting heights of the hardscape area of outdoor dining.

10. Special Security Lighting for Retail Parking and Pedestrian Hardscape

This additional allowance is for illuminated retail parking and pedestrian hardscape identified as having special security needs. This allowance shall be in addition to the building entrance or exit allowance.

### 6.5.4 Further Discussion about Additional Lighting Power Allowance for Specific Applications

A. Building Facades

Building façade is defined in §100.1 as the exterior surfaces of a building, not including horizontal roofing, signs, and surfaces not visible from any public viewing location. Only areas of building façade that are illuminated should qualify for this allowance. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance should be aimed at the façade and should be capable of illuminating it without obstruction or interference by permanent building features or other objects.

Building façades and architectural features may be illuminated by flood lights, sconces or other lighting attached to the building. Building façade lighting is not permitted in Lighting Zone 0 and Lighting Zone 1. Façade orientations that are not illuminated and façade areas that are not illuminated because the lighting is obstructed shall not be included. General site illumination, sign lighting, and/or lighting for other specific applications can be attached to the side of a building and not be considered façade lighting. Wall packs mounted on sides of the buildings are not considered façade lighting when most of the light exiting these luminaires lands on areas other than the building façade.

Example 6-23 Calculating the Allowance for a Projected Area

Question

(Lighting Zone 3) A city wants to illuminate its city hall on two sides (two facades). The structure is a three-story building with a colonnade on the second and third floors and a cornice above. The columns are considered important architectural features and the principal goal of the lighting project is to highlight these features. The columns are 30 ft. tall x 3 ft. in diameter and are spaced at 8 ft. For the purposes of determining the lighting power allowance for the building, what is the surface area to be illuminated? What is the lighting power allowance? The columns will be illuminated by downlights at the cornice and uplights above the first floor.

Answer

The area of the façade for the purposes of calculating the lighting allowance is the projected area of the illuminated façade. Architectural features such as columns, recesses, facets, etc. are ignored. The illuminated area for each façade is therefore 30 ft. x 150 ft. or 4,500 sq. ft. The façade allowance for Lighting Zone 3 is 0.17 W/sq. ft., so the total power allowed is 765 W per façade, or 1,530 W total.

Type of Allowance | Allowance | Area/Perimeter Value | Power Allowance
Facade | 0.17 W/ sq. ft. | A. 4,500 sq. ft. | 765 W per facade
TOTAL POWER ALLOWANCE | 1,530 W

Example 6-24 Permanent vs. Temporary Façade Lighting

Question

I am designing a high-rise building and permanently mounted marquee lights will be installed along the corners of the building. The lights will be turned on at night, but only for the holiday season, roughly between mid-November and mid-January. The lights consist of a series of 7 W LED luminaires spaced at 12 inches on-center (OC) along all the corners of the building and along the top of the building. Essentially, the lights provide an outline of the building. For the purposes of the Outdoor Lighting Standards, are these considered façade lighting? Because they will only be used for about two months of the year, are they considered temporary lighting and exempt?

Answer

The lighting is permanent lighting and must comply with the Energy Standards. Temporary lighting is defined in §100.1 as is a lighting installation with plug-in connections that does not persist beyond 60 consecutive days or more than 120 days per year. Anything that is permanently mounted to the building is considered permanent lighting, and the hours of intended use do not affect its status as permanent lighting.

Because this lighting is primarily used to accent the architectural outline of the building, it may be considered façade lighting. And because all corners of the building are illuminated, all four facades may be considered to be illuminated. The area on each façade is 80 ft. x 100 ft. or 8,000 sq. ft.. The total illuminated area is four times 8,000 sq. ft. or 32,000 sq. ft.. The Lighting Zone 3 allowance for façade lighting is 0.17 W/sq. ft. and the total power allowance for façade lighting is 5,440 W.

There are 100 ft. x 4 plus 80 ft. x 4 lamps (a total of 720 luminaires) on the building. Each luminaire is 7 W. The installed power is 720 luminaires times 7 W/luminaire or 5,040 W. The installed power is less than the allowance so the façade lighting complies. If this building were in Lighting Zone 2, the allowance would be 0.1 W/sq. ft. or a total of 3,200 W. The lighting design would not comply in Lighting Zone 2.

Type of Allowance | Allowance | Area/Perimeter Value | Power Allowance
Facade | 0.17 W/ sq. ft. | 32,000 sq. ft. | 5,440 W
TOTAL POWER ALLOWANCE | 5,440 W

Example 6-25 Power Allowance for Facades

Question

Portions of the front façade of a proposed wholesale store in Lighting Zone 3 are going to be illuminated. The front wall dimensions are 120 ft. by 20 ft. There is 250 ft.² of fenestration in the front wall that is illuminated by the façade lighting. Signs cover another 500 ft.² of the front wall, and another 400 sq. ft. is not illuminated at all. What is the allowed front façade lighting power?

Answer

The gross wall area is 2,400 sq. ft. (120 x 20). However, we must subtract all those areas that are not illuminated. Note that because the 250 sq. ft. of fenestration is intended to be illuminated by the façade lighting, this area may be included in the total area eligible for power calculations.

The areas not eligible for power calculations include:

500 sq. ft. of signs + 400 sq. ft. of unlighted façade = 900 sq. ft.

Net wall area used for façade lighting: 2,400 sq. ft. – 900 sq. ft. = 1,500 sq. ft.

From Table 6-5 (Table 1407-B of the Energy Standards), the allowed façade lighting power density in Lighting Zone 3 is 0.17 W/ sq. ft.

The calculated allowed power based on net wall area is 1,500 sq. ft. x 0.17 W/ sq. ft. = 255 W.

The allowed power is therefore the smaller of actual wattage used for façade lighting or 255 W.

Type of Allowance | Allowance | Area/Perimeter Value | Power Allowance
Facade | 0.17 W/ sq. ft. | 1,500 sq. ft. | 255 W
TOTAL POWER ALLOWANCE | 255 W

Example 6-26 Sign Lighting

Question

Is sign lighting part of my façade lighting?

Answer

The sign area must be subtracted from the façade area so that the area is not double counted. The sign lighting must meet the requirements of the Energy Standards for sign lighting. See Chapter 7 for more information about sign lighting.

Example 6-27 Oranamental vs. Façade Lighting

Question

Is the lighting of my parapet wall with small wattage decorative lighting considered ornamental or façade lighting?

Answer

In this example, the lamps attached to the building façade are considered façade lighting. This cannot be considered ornamental lighting because ornamental lighting is defined in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards as post-top luminaires, lanterns, pendant luminaires, chandeliers.

Example 6-28 Hardscape vs. Façade Lighting

Question

If I mount a luminaire on the side of my building to illuminate an area is it considered façade lighting or hardscape lighting?

Answer

It depends on the primary intent of the luminaire. For example, if the luminaire is primarily illuminating the walls (such as a sconce), then it should be considered part of the building façade lighting. If on the other hand, the luminaire is primarily illuminating the parking lot beyond (most wall packs), then it should be part of the hardscape lighting. It should be noted that lighting power tradeoffs are not allowed between building façade and hardscape areas.

B. Sales Frontage

This additional allowance is intended to accommodate the retailers need to highlight merchandise to motorists who drive by their lot. Outdoor sales frontage includes car lots, but can also include any sales activity.

Outdoor sales frontage must be immediately adjacent to the principal viewing location(s) and unobstructed for its viewing length. A corner sales lot may include two adjacent sides provided that a different principal viewing location exists for each side. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be located between the principal viewing location and the frontage outdoor. The outdoor sales frontage allowance is calculated by multiplying the total length of qualifying sales frontage by the outdoor sales frontage lighting allowance in Table 147-B of the Energy Standards.

When a sales lot qualifies for the sales frontage allowance, the total sales lot wattage allowance is determined by adding the following three layers:

• General hardscape lighting power allowance

• Outdoor sales frontage

• Outdoor sales lot

C. Vehicle Service Stations

According to the definition in §100.1, vehicle service station is a gasoline, natural gas, diesel, or other fuel dispensing station. In addition to allowances for building entrances and exits, hardscape ornamental lighting, building façade, and outdoor dining allowances, as appropriate; the total wattage allowance specifically applying to vehicle service station hardscape is determined by adding the following layers, as appropriate:

• General hardscape lighting power allowance

• Vehicle service station uncovered fuel dispenser (allowance per fueling dispenser, with 2 mounting heights of dispenser)

• Vehicle service station hardscape (less area of buildings, under canopies, off property, or obstructed by signs or other structures)

• Vehicle service station canopies (within the drip line of the canopy)

The lighting power allowances are listed in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards.

Figure 6-3: Service Station Hardscape Areas

Example 6-29 Calculating Canopy Lighting Area and Hardscape Area

Question

Where does canopy lighting area end and hardscape area start?

Answer

The horizontal projected area of the canopy on the ground establishes the area for under canopy lighting power calculations. This area also referred to as the “drip line” of the canopy.

D. Under Canopies

According to the definition in §100.1, a canopy is a permanent structure, other than a parking garage, consisting of a roof and supporting building elements, with the area beneath at least partially open to the elements. A canopy may be freestanding or attached to surrounding structures. A canopy roof may serve as the floor of a structure above.

The definition of a canopy states that a canopy is not a parking garage. A parking garage is classified as an unconditioned interior space, whereas a canopy is classified as an outdoor space.

The lighting power allowance for a canopy depends on its purpose. Service station canopies are treated separately (see the previous section). The two types of canopies addressed in this section are those that are used for sales and those that are not. Non-sales canopies include covered walkways, and covered entrances to hotels, office buildings, convention centers and other buildings. Sales canopies specifically cover and protect an outdoor sales area, including garden centers, covered automobile sales lots, and outdoor markets with permanent roofs. The lighting power allowances are listed in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards.

The area of a canopy is defined as the horizontal projected area, in plan view, directly underneath the canopy. This area is also referred to as the “drip line” of the canopy. Canopy lighting, either sales or non-sales shall comply separately, e.g. trade-offs are not permitted between other specific lighting applications or with general site illumination.

General site lighting or other specific applications lighting, and/or sign lighting that are attached to the sides or top of a canopy, cannot be considered canopy lighting. For example, internally illuminated translucent panels on the perimeter of a canopy are considered sign lighting, while the lighting underneath the canopy and directed towards the ground is canopy lighting.

Figure 6-4: Canopy Lighting

Source: AEC Photographer: Tom Bergstrom

Example 6-30 Power Allowance Under Canopies

Question

The first floor of an office tower in Lighting Zone 3 is setback 20 ft. on the street side. The width of the recessed façade is 150 ft. The primary purpose of the setback (and canopy) is to provide a suitable entrance to the office tower; however, space under the canopy is leased as news-stand, a flower cart and a shoe shine stand. These commercial activities occupy about half of the space beneath the canopy. What is the allowed lighting power?

Answer

The total canopy area is 20 ft. x 150 ft. or 3,000 sq. ft. The General Hardscape allowance for the site will need to be separately determined. The canopy allowance is an additional layer allowed only for the canopy area. The 1,500 ft.² used for the flower cart, news-stand and shoe shine stand is considered a sales canopy and the allowance is 0.622 W/ sq. ft. or a total of 933 W. The other 1,500 sq. ft. is a non-sales canopy and the allowance is 0.270 W/ft.² or a total of 405 W. Trade-offs are not permitted between the sales portion and the non-sales portions.

Type of Allowance | Allowance | Area/Perimeter Value | Power Allowance
Non-Sales Canopy | 0. 270W/ sq. ft. | 1,500 sq. ft. | 405 W
Sales Canopy | 0.622 w/ sq. ft. | 1,500 sq. ft. | 933 W
TOTAL POWER ALLOWANCE | 1,338 W

E. Ornamental Lighting

Ornamental lighting is defined in §100.1 as post-top luminaires, lanterns, pendant luminaires, chandeliers, and marquee lighting. However, marquee lighting does not qualify for the ornamental lighting allowance. The allowances for ornamental lighting are listed in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards.

The ornamental lighting allowance on the site is calculated by multiplying the total illuminated hardscape for the site by the hardscape ornamental lighting allowance in Table 140.7-B. This allowance is calculated separately, and is not accumulated into the other allowances. This additional wattage allowance may be used for any illuminated hardscape area on the site.

Luminaires used for ornamental lighting as defined in Table 140.7-B shall have a rated wattage, as listed on a permanent, pre-printed, factory-installed label, of 100 W or less.

Figure 6-6: Ornamental Lighting

(The cobra head luminaires shown in the above figure are not ornamental lighting. However, if the post-top acorn luminaires are rated 30 watts or less and not providing general and task lighting, they qualify as ornamental lighting)

Example 6-31 Bollard Luminaires

Question

Are bollard luminaires considered ornamental lighting?

Answer

No, Ornamental lighting is defined in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards as post-top luminaires, lanterns, pendant luminaires, chandeliers.

F. Drive-up Windows

Drive-up windows are common for fast food restaurants, banks, and parking lot entrances. In order to qualify, a drive-up window must have someone working behind the “window”. Automatic ticket dispensers at parking lots do not count.

The lighting power allowances are listed in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards as a wattage allowance per application.

The wattage allowance in Lighting Zone 3 is 125 W for each drive-up window.

Luminaires qualifying for this allowance must be within 2 mounting heights of the sill of the window.

Figure 6-6: Drive-up Windows

Example 6-32 Power Allowance for Drive-up Window

Question

A drive-up window in Lighting Zone 2 has width of 7 ft. What is the allowed lighting power for this drive-up window?

Answer

The width of a drive-up window in not used for determining the allowed wattage. In Lighting Zone 2, 30 W is allowed for each drive-up window.

G. Guarded Facilities

Guarded facilities, including gated communities, include the entrance driveway, gatehouse, and guardhouse interior areas that provide access to secure areas controlled by security personnel who stop and may inspect vehicles and vehicle occupants including, identification documentation, vehicle license plates, and vehicle contents.

There is an allowance of up to 1,000 sq. ft. per vehicle lane. Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2 mounting heights of a vehicle lane or the guardhouse.

The power allowances for guarded facilities are listed in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards.

Example 6-33 Power Allowance for Guard Stations

Question

A guard station to the research campus of a defense contractor consists of a guard station building of 300 ft.². Vehicles enter to the right of the station and exit to the left. What is the outdoor lighting power allowance? The guard station is located in Lighting Zone 2.

Answer

Since there are two vehicle lanes, the allowance for Lighting Zone 2 is two times of 300 ft.² times 0.176 W/ft.² is 105.6 W, in addition to the general hardscape lighting power allowance.

Example 6-34 Residential Guarded Facilities

Question

Is the guarded facility at the entrance to a residential gated community covered by the Energy Standards?

Answer

Yes, residential guarded facilities are covered by the Energy Standards.